A
Laboratory procedure in which an opening is made in the zona pellucida of an embryo, using chemical, mechanical or laser means.
Reduced percentage of motile spermatozoa in ejaculate, below reference value (<32%).
Azoospermia is the term used to define the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. It can be obstructive, when a blockage prevents the passage of sperm into the ejaculate, or non-obstructive, resulting from a reduction in sperm production in the testicle.
B
Pregnancy diagnosed only by detecting the hormone beta hCG in the blood or urine.
Embryonic phase occurring on the 5th/6th day of development. It consists of a fluid-filled cavity (blastocelium), an outer layer of cells (trophectoderm) and a set of inner cells (inner cell mass).
C
Pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound visualization of one or more gestational sacs.
Process during which strong bonds are formed between the embryo’s cells (blastomeres), resulting in a cohesive mass whose cell membranes are indistinguishable.
Medically assisted reproduction technique involving gamete processing and laboratory fertilization (in vitro).
Process for preserving biological material (gametes, zygotes, cleaving embryos, blastocysts, testicular tissue, ovarian tissue) at extremely low temperatures.
Cycle for the transfer of cryopreserved embryos. It involves thawing the embryos, preparing the patient’s endometrium and transferring the embryos to the uterine cavity.
Inability of the testes to descend into the scrotum during the neonatal period or up to 1 year of age.
E
Pregnancy loss occurring up to 12 weeks gestation. Includes pregnancies with an empty gestational sac (anembryonic) or an embryo with no cardiac activity.
Pregnancy outside the uterine cavity.
Procedure by which embryos are placed in the patient’s uterine cavity, using specific catheters for this purpose.
A disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue (tissue lining the uterus) outside the uterine cavity. In most cases, this tissue lodges in the pelvis, in organs such as the fallopian tube and ovary, but it can also lodge in places such as the bladder, intestine, lungs or diaphragm.
Process by which the blastocyst is freed from its surrounding layer (zona pellucida), thus allowing implantation.
F
IVF or ICSI cycle in which all embryos are cryopreserved, no embryo transfer in this cycle.
Probability of pregnancy during a menstrual cycle with unprotected intercourse.
Procedures and techniques for freezing gametes (oocytes or sperm) or gonadal tissue (ovarian or testicular tissue) in order to preserve an individual’s reproductive potential.
Biological process that begins with the entry of sperm into a mature oocyte, followed by the formation of female and male pronuclei.
Quick surgical procedure performed under sedation, during which ovarian follicles are aspirated.
G
Nucleus of an oocyte in Prophase I and therefore immature.
Structure associated with early pregnancy that initially houses the yolk bladder and later the embryo.
H
Ejaculation volume greater than maximum reference value (> 5 mL).
Ejaculation volume below minimum reference value (<1.5 mL).
I
Infertility with unknown or unexplained cause.
Disease of the reproductive system defined by the absence of pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse.
Oocyte that has not completed its maturation. Oocyte in the VG (germinal vesicle) or MI (without extrusion of the 1st polar globule) phase, without the capacity to be fertilized.
The process of embryo attachment to the endometrium that occurs from the 5th to the 7th day after fertilization, resulting in the formation of a gestational sac. Implantation may occur outside the uterine cavity, resulting in an ectopic pregnancy. la cavité utérine, entraînant une grossesse extra-utérine.
Laboratory procedure that allows the maturation of immature oocytes. Mature oocytes have the capacity to be fertilized.
Group of cells aggregated cohesively in the blastocyst. These cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types and tissues.
Medically Assisted Reproduction Technique that involves the processing of gametes and the microinjection of a single sperm into the oocyte, using a microscope and specialized equipment.
Medically assisted reproduction treatment, low complexity and painless, which consists of placing carefully processed semen directly into the woman’s uterus.
L
Number of leukocytes in the ejaculate above the reference value (1 million/mL ejaculate). May be indicative of injection into the male reproductive system.
M
Oocyte that has completed its maturation, showing the extrusion of the 1st Polar Globule
Embryo after cell compaction, usually 4 days after fertilization.
Genetic condition characterized by the presence of more than one genetic lineage in cells of the same embryo.
Presence of more than one nucleus in a cell
Pregnancy with more than one embryo.
N
Designation of an ejaculate sample that presents all the parameters evaluated in the spermogram within the reference values.
O
Sperm concentration in ejaculate below the reference value (<39 million/ejaculate)
Complication resulting from the exaggerated response of the ovaries to hormonal stimulation, which requires specific treatment and, in extreme cases, may necessitate hospitalization.
Number of follicles present in the ovaries that reflects the woman’s reproductive capacity. It can be assessed through follicular count by ultrasound and hormonal analysis.
Stimulation of the growth of several ovarian follicles simultaneously, using hormonal drugs.
Process of expulsion of an oocyte from the ovarian follicle.
P
Glycoprotein layer that surrounds the oocyte and plays an important role in fertilization
Product of asymmetric cell division during female meiosis. The first polar globule is formed during telophase I and its presence is indicative of oocyte maturity. The second polar globule is extruded in response to fertilization.
A hormonal imbalance whose most common symptoms are irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth, hair loss, acne, obesity and high blood pressure. It is one of the main causes of female infertility.
Technique that allows the DNA of oocytes or embryos to be analyzed in order to detect genetic anomalies. Includes PGT-A (aneuploidies), PGT-SR (structural chromosomal anomalies) and PGT-M (monogenic diseases).
Fertilized oocyte that presents two pronuclei (female and male) and two polar globules.
R
Two or more spontaneous pregnancy losses before 22 weeks of pregnancy.
S
Condition in which only Sertoli cells (cells involved in spermatogenesis) are observed in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles with a total absence of sperm.
Process by which male gametes (spermatozoa) are formed in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles.
Examination to evaluate ejaculate and the function of the male reproductive system. Parameters such as volume, pH, concentration, motility, vitality and morphology are evaluated.
T
Reduced percentage of sperm with normal morphology observed in the ejaculate (<4%).
Surgical procedure involving the removal of one or more fragments of testicular tissue to obtain sperm.
Cells that form the outer layer of a blastocyst and that will give rise to the placenta and amniotic membranes
V
Swelling due to dilation of the veins that drain blood from the testicles.
Surgical procedure in which the vas deferens of both testicles are ligated, preventing sperm from being expelled in the ejaculate.
Y
Missing segments of genetic material on the Y chromosome. They are associated with changes in spermatogenesis.
Z
Cell resulting from the fertilization of a mature oocyte by a sperm, before the first cell division.